What is human resource management? What are its objectives, functions, characteristics and challenges?
What is Human Resource Management?
The whole process of using human resources effectively to achieve the goals of the organization is called human resource management. These include human resource acquisition, development, utilization and maintenance. In order to achieve the goals of the organization, effective planning is done for all its activities under human resource management and maximum utilization of available resources is made.
For the sake of clarity
- Human Resources refers to all the workers and employees working in the organization.
- Without human resources, organization is like death.
- Human resources are essential to speed up all the physical resources like tools, instruments, raw materials, bank stocks within the organization.
- Management is about getting others to do what you want and achieving goals.
- This includes all activities such as planning, organizing, managing staff, directing and controlling to achieve the goal (POSD Co).
- Human resource management is an evolved form of staff management.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES (HRM)
There are many types of organizations. The purpose of human resource management may also vary according to the goals of the organization. In fact, its main objective is to effectively mobilize the available resources to achieve the goals of the organization, increase productivity, increase work satisfaction, HR planning. Its purpose can be summarized as follows.
- Organizational goal
- Social Goal
- Functional Goal
- Individual Goal
- Goals Harmony
The organization has many goals and objectives. These objectives can be related to profit making, service related or expansion development. In order to achieve the objectives of the organization, maximum use should be made of the available human resources.
2. Social Goal
Making a profit is not the only purpose of an organization. The organization also has a definite responsibility towards the society and the country. The organization has a social responsibility to provide quality goods to the consumers at minimum prices, to control pollution, to increase employment, and to work for the welfare of the employees and the organization has to fulfill those social responsibilities.
3. Functional Goal
In order to achieve the set goals, many kinds of work have to be done in the organization. Another important objective of human resource management is to carry out these tasks effectively. This includes developing, motivating, using and maintaining the best manpower for the organization. The organization should not have too many employees and should not have too few employees, i.e. only the required number of human resources with proper skills and qualifications as per the needs of the organization. It helps to achieve functional objectives.
4. Individual Goal
Another purpose of human resource management is to fulfill the personal aspirations of the employees. The human resource manager fulfills the personal objectives of the employees by providing adequate salary, wages, security arrangements, growth development, job satisfaction etc. to the employees.
5. Goals Harmony
There are various aspects in the organization such as investors, managers, employees, consumers, etc. The goals and desires of these parties are also different. Investors want security and more return on their investment. Managers want more productivity and returns. Employees want more pay for less work. Similarly, consumers expect quality goods and services at low prices. The purpose of HRM is to coordinate, balance and coordinate between all these goals.
FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Depending on the nature of the organization, there may be some variation in human resource management. The overall human resource management functions are as follows.
1. Acquisition of HR
The success of the organization depends on the ability of the employees. Therefore, managers should get competent and qualified employees. Its effective recruitment, selection, posting, human resource planning and socialization programs should be conducted.
2. Development of HR
Achieving the goals of the organization requires skilled and qualified human resources. According to the needs of the organization, training programs should be conducted for the development of skills, qualifications and capabilities of the employees. New skills and knowledge should be taught according to the changed environment.
3. Utilization of HR
In the third phase, after the effective acquisition and development of human resources, they should be used to the maximum. This is the most important task of human resource management. It is also challenging. This includes providing HR with effective motivation, performance appraisal, remuneration, reward management, discipline, assignment, and guidance .
4. Maintenance of HR
Skilled, competent and committed employees are an invaluable asset of the organization. It should be properly maintained. Maintaining human resources is about giving good employees job satisfaction and sustainability in the organization. Tasks such as maintaining good human relations, maintaining a good working environment, conducting employee welfare programs, archiving human resources must be performed effectively.
CHALLENGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM)
Today competition among organizations has increased. The form and size of the organization is getting bigger and bigger. Consumers and employees have become conscious and alert. In such a dire situation, effective management of human resources has become very challenging. The changing environment has made it even more challenging. The challenges of overall human resource management are as follows.
- Globalization
- Technical changes
- Diversification in the workforce
- Change management
- Complexity
- Legal environment
- Learning organization
- New interests
- temporary employee
FEATURES OF HRM
Human resource management is the developed form of staff management. HRM is mainly related to the employees working in the organization. In HRM, plans are formulated and implemented on how much manpower is required to achieve the goals of the organization, how many skills and qualifications they need, how to recruit, select, motivate them to train. The main features of HRM are as follows.
- Management of working people
- Employee related
- System
- Continuous nature
- Employee Development
- Organization rife
- social obligation
- Worldwide use
- Target coordination
- Strategic work
